Journal
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 154, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112751
Keywords
Apigenin; Whey protein isolate; Nanoencapsulation; In vitro anticancer activity; Bioavailability
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health, United States [a1R21EB018937-01A1]
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture
- United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project [TEN00568]
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This study successfully encapsulated apigenin with whey protein isolate through nanoencapsulation, maintaining its anticancer activity and enhancing cellular uptake, proapoptotic effects, and bioavailability, which may be significant for incorporating lipophilic phytochemicals in functional beverages for disease prevention.
Incorporating lipophilic phytochemicals with anti-cancer activities in functional beverages requires an appropriate nanoencapsulation technology. The present objective was to encapsulate apigenin with whey protein isolate (WPI) utilizing a pH-cycle method and subsequently characterize physicochemical properties, the in vitro anticancer activities against human colorectal HCT-116 and HT-29 cancer cells, and the in vivo bioavailability. Up to 2.0 mg/mL of apigenin was nanoencapsulated with 1.0 mg/mL WPI, with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 98.15% and loading capacity of up to 196.21 mg/g-WPI. Nanodispersions were stable during storage, and apigenin became amorphous after encapsulation. Nanoencapsulation and in vitro digestion did not reduce the anti-proliferative activity of apigenin. Nanoencapsulation of apigenin enhanced the cellular uptake, the proapoptotic effects, and the bioavailability in the mice's blood and colon mucosa when comparing to the unencapsulated apigenin. Therefore, the present work may be significant to incorporate lipophilic phytochemicals in functional beverages for disease prevention.
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