Journal
LANGMUIR
Volume 37, Issue 42, Pages 12419-12428Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02057
Keywords
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Funding
- NSF [1761273]
- University of Utah Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program
- MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR-1121252]
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1761273] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This study investigates the effects of seven factors on two response variables and establishes single-response and multiple-response linear regression models to predict optimized settings. The results suggest a tradeoff between the high ramp rates required for large macroscale coverage and the need to minimize high shear forces and evaporation rates to ensure proper self-assembly of nanospheres into hexagonally packed arrays.
Nanosphere lithography employs single- or multilayer self-assembled nanospheres as a template for bottom-up nanoscale patterning. The ability to produce self-assembled nanospheres with minimal packing defects over large areas is critical to advancing applications of nanosphere lithography. Spin coating is a simple-to-execute, high-throughput method of nanosphere self-assembly. The wide range of possible process parameters for nanosphere spin coating, however-and the sensitivity of nano-sphere self-assembly to these parameters-can lead to highly variable outcomes in nanosphere configuration by this method. Finding the optimum process parameters for nanosphere spin coating remains challenging. This work adopts a design-of-experiments approach to investigate the effects of seven factors-nanosphere wt%, methanol/water ratio, solution volume, wetting time, spin time, maximum revolutions per minute, and ramp rate-on two response variables-percentage hexagonal close packing and macroscale coverage of nanospheres. Single-response and multiple-response linear regression models identify main and two-way interaction effects of statistical significance to the outcomes of both response variables and enable prediction of optimized settings. The results indicate a tradeoff between the high ramp rates required for large macroscale coverage and the need to minimize high shear forces and evaporation rates to ensure that nanospheres properly self-assemble into hexagonally packed arrays.
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