Development of a recombinant ELISA for ovine herpesvirus 2, suitable for use in sheep

The minor capsid protein of ovine herpesvirus 2, identified as a potential antigen for serological testing, was over-expressed and purified to allow its assessment in ELISA. The corresponding gene sequence (OvHV-2 orf65, Ov65) was modified to incorporate epitope tags and internal restriction enzyme sites in an E. coli codon-optimised version of the gene. This codon-optimised gene was then subject to internal deletions to identify regions of the protein that could be removed while maintaining protein solubility and antigenicity. It was found that a derivative with deletion of the conserved 5'-end of the gene (Ov65delB) expressed a polypeptide that was soluble when over-expressed in bacteria and was detected by OvHV-2 specific sera. Proteomic analysis of the affinity purified Ov65delB showed that it contained multiple predicted Ov65 tryptic peptides but also showed contamination by co-purifying E. coli proteins. An indirect ELISA, based on this affinity-purified OV65delB, was optimised for use with sheep and cattle samples and cut-off values were established based on known negative serum samples. Analysis of groups of samples that were either presumed infected (UK sheep) or tested OvHV-2 positive or negative by PCR (cattle MCF diagnostic samples) showed that the assay had 95 % sensitivity and 96 % specificity for sheep serum; and 80 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity for cattle serum. The lower sensitivity with cattle samples appeared to be due to a lack of serological response in some MCF-affected cattle. This recombinant antigen therefore shows promise as the basis of an inexpensive, simple and reliable test that can be used to detect OvHV-2-specific antibody responses in both MCF-affected animals and in OvHV-2 reservoir hosts.

Automated summary

The minor capsid protein of ovine herpesvirus 2 was modified and purified for use as a potential antigen in serological testing, showing promising results in ELISA assays. The recombinant antigen demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting OvHV-2-specific antibody responses in sheep and cattle samples. This antigen has the potential to be a simple, inexpensive, and reliable test for identifying MCF-affected animals and OvHV-2 reservoir hosts.