Journal
JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE
Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages 92-101Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00599-y
Keywords
Stigma; Criminal legal involvement; Incarceration; Prisons and jails; Health inequities
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This paper discusses the impact of criminal legal stigma on health and argues that it plays a significant role in the association between incarceration and negative health outcomes. While ample research has been conducted on the negative social consequences of criminal legal stigma, there is limited research on its impact on health.
The USA incarcerates more people than any other nation in the world. Exposure to the criminal legal system has been associated with a myriad of health outcomes but less is understood about what drives these associations. We argue that stigma due to criminal legal involvement, what we call criminal legal stigma, likely has a larger role in the association between incarceration and negative health outcomes than has been previously appreciated. There is limited research on the impact on health of criminal legal stigma despite abundant research on its negative social consequences. In this paper, we describe a conceptual framework of the health effects of criminal legal stigma drawing on previous research of criminal legal stigma and advances in other areas of stigma research. We outline key concepts related to stigma mechanisms, how they function at structural and individual levels, and how they might cause health outcomes. Finally, we identify potential areas for future research and opportunities for clinical interventions to remediate negative effects of stigma.
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