Journal
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
Volume 102, Issue 7, Pages 2710-2722Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11611
Keywords
hypertension; amino acid metabolism; almonds; oxidative stress; salt-sensitive rats
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [82070751, 81770728]
- objective-oriented Project of Xi'an Jiaotong University [xzy022020038]
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The study found that protein-rich almond supplementation can prevent salt-induced hypertension by regulating amino acid metabolism, increasing nitric oxide content, and alleviating oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND Excessive dietary salt intake is related to an increased risk of hypertension. Dietary functional foods probably could help to improve salt-induced hypertension. In this study, Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats were used to investigate their metabolic differences from those of salt-resistant SS.13(BN) rats and determine whether dietary protein-rich almonds could ameliorate salt-induced elevation of blood pressure in DSS rats. RESULTS After high-salt intake, the systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure of the DSS rats increased dramatically. Metabolomics analysis indicated abnormal amino acid metabolism in their kidneys. Their renal nitric oxide (NO) content and nitric oxide synthase activity decreased significantly after high-salt diet. Oxidative stress also occurred in DSS rats. After the DSS rats received almond supplementation, the levels of various amino acids in their kidney increased, and renal arginine and NO contents were upregulated. Their renal hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde levels decreased, whereas renal catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione levels increased. CONCLUSION The renal abnormal amino acid metabolism of DSS rats contributed to the impaired NO production in response to high-salt intake. Together with salt-induced oxidative stress, high-salt diet intake ultimately led to an increase in the blood pressure of DSS rats. Protein-rich almond supplementation might prevent the development of salt-induced hypertension by restoring arginine and NO regeneration and alleviating salt-induced oxidative stress. (c) 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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