Journal
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION
Volume 39, Issue 4, Pages 509-516Publisher
Optica Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.446102
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This work presents generalized Coddington's equations for the analysis of freeform GRIN lenses with freeform surfaces, demonstrating their application in lens design and optical performance analysis.
Coddington's equations and their generalized forms are useful for lens design and analysis of optical performance. Generalized Coddington's equations (GCE) exist in literature for analysis of decentered systems and freeform surfaces, but not for gradient index (GRIN) lenses. In this work, GCE are presented for the analysis of freeform GRIN lenses with freeform surfaces. Examples are shown where the presented theory converges on Coddington's equations and known paraxial GRIN behavior. The method also correctly shows known afocal behavior proximate to azimuthally directed rays in a cylindrical GRIN. The latter case is one of analytically validated local freeform behavior. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group
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