Characterization of occlusal splint materials: CAD-CAM versus conventional resins

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the mechanical properties of five commercially available subtractive computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled splint materials, as well as to compare them with conventional heat-polymerized and autopolymerizing resins used in the construction of conventional splints. Material and methods: Five CAD-CAM milled (ProArt CAD Splint, Therapon Transpa, Temp Premium Flexible Transpa, Cast, and Aqua), one autopolymerizing (Palapress), and one heat-polymerized (Paladon 65) resin materials were evaluated. Flexural strength, E-modulus, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, fracture work, water sorption, and water solubility were measured. Samples were evaluated after dry and water storage for 30 days at 37 degrees C. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: Under both storage circumstances, the flexural strength values of Paladon 65, Therapon Transpa, Temp Premium Flexible Transpa, and Aqua were statistically non-significant (P=0.055). The polycarbonate-based CAD-CAM material Temp Premium Flexible Transpa had the highest statistically significant values of the fracture toughness and fracture work (P<0.001). Moreover, it exhibited the lowest percentages of water sorption and water solubility among the investigated materials (P<0.001). All of the CAD-CAM materials exhibited dry elastic moduli greater than Palapress and lower than Paladon 65. One of the CAD-CAM materials, Cast, had the highest dry Vickers hardness value, which was non-significant when compared to Therapon Transpa (P=0.762). Conclusion: CAD-CAM polycarbonate-based splint materials exhibit higher fracture toughness and fracture work as well as lower water sorption and solubility than polymethyl methacrylate-based ones. The mechanical characteristics of the assessed CAD-CAM milled splint materials were not typically superior to those of the conventional heat-polymerized resin. However, some of them outperformed the autopolymerizing acrylic resin in terms of flexural strength, surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility.

Automated summary

This in vitro study evaluated the mechanical properties of different splint materials, showing that CAD-CAM polycarbonate-based materials exhibit higher fracture toughness, fracture work, and lower water sorption and solubility compared to polymethyl methacrylate-based resins. However, the mechanical characteristics of CAD-CAM milled splint materials were not always superior to traditional heat-polymerized resins. Some CAD-CAM materials outperformed autopolymerizing acrylic resin in terms of flexural strength, surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility.