Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
Volume 61, Issue 8, Pages 1050-1061Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.11.030
Keywords
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; functional magnetic resonance imaging; polygenic risk score; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; monetary incentive delay
Categories
Funding
- National Key R and D Program of China [2019YFA0709501, 2019YFA0709502, 2018YFC1312900, 2018YFC1312904]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [T2122005, 81801773]
- Shanghai Pujiang Project [18PJ1400900]
- European Union [LSHM-CT-2007-037286]
- Horizon 2020-funded ERC Advanced Grant' STRATIFY' [695313]
- 111 Project [B18015]
- key project of Shanghai Science and Technology [16JC1420402]
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [2018SHZDZX01]
- ZJ Lab
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, ERANID [PR-ST-0416-10004]
- Human Brain Project [HBP SGA 2, 785907, HBP SGA 3, 945539]
- Medical Research Council Grant [MR/ N000390/1]
- National Institute of Health (NIH) [R01DA049238]
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
- Bundesministerium f_ur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) [01GS08152, 01EV0711]
- Forschungsnetz AERIAL [01EE1406A, 01EE1406B]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SM 80/7-2, SFB 940, TRR 265, NE 1383/14-1]
- Medical Research Foundation
- Medical Research Council [MR/R00465X/1, MR/ S020306/1]
- ENIGMA [5U54EB020403-05, 1R56AG058854-01]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-12-SAMA-0004, AAPG2019]
- Eranet Neuron [AF12-NEUR0008-01 e WM2NA, ANR-18-NEUR0000201 e ADORe]
- Fondation de France [00081242]
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [DPA20140629802]
- Mission Interminist erielle de Lutte contre les Drogues et les Conduites Addictives (MILDECA)
- Assistance-Publique-Ho. pitaux-de-Paris
- INSERM
- Paris Sud University [IDEX 2012]
- Fondation de l'Avenir [AP-RM-17-013]
- Federation pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau
- NIH
- Science Foundation Ireland [16/ERCD/3797]
- USA (Axon, Testosterone and Mental Health [RO1 MH085772-01A1]
- NIH Consortium grant [U54 EB020403]
- cross- NIH alliance
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Using neuroimaging data, this study identified reduced activations in the medial frontal cortex and the thalamus during reward anticipation as neural biomarkers for persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.
Objective: Children experiencing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may retain symptoms into adulthood, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Method: To identify biomarkers of persistent ADHD symptom development, we carried out whole-brain analyses of neuroimaging data during the anticipation phase of the Monetary-Incentive-Delay (MID) task in 1,368 adolescents recruited by the IMAGEN Consortium at age 14 years, whose behavioral measurements were followed up longitudinally at age 16. In particular, we focused on comparing individuals with persistent high ADHD symptoms at both ages 14 and 16 years to unaffected control individuals, but also exploring which individuals demonstrating symptom remission (with high ADHD symptoms at age 14 but much reduced at age 16). Results: We identified reduced activations in the medial frontal cortex and the thalamus during reward anticipation as neuro-biomarkers for persistent ADHD symptoms across time. The genetic relevance of the above findings was further supported by the associations of the polygenic risk scores of ADHD with both the persistent and control status and the activations of both brain regions. Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis, the thalamic activation might also help to distinguish persons with persistent ADHD from those remitted in both an exploratory sample (odds ratio = 9.43, p < .001) and an independent generalization sample (odds ratio = 4.64, p = .003). Conclusion: Using a well-established and widely applied functional magnetic resonance imaging task, we have identified neural biomarkers that could discriminate ADHD symptoms that persist throughout adolescence from controls and potentially those likely to remit during adolescent development as well.
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