Journal
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 623-634Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00786
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; biomarkers; metabolomics; disease susceptibility; clinical progression; metabolites; oxidative stress response
Categories
Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [AC17/00019, PI18/00154, COV20/00349, ICI20/00058, PI21/00141]
- CRUE-Supera COVID
- European Development Regional Fund A way to achieve Europe (ERDF)
- Merck, Sharp & Dohme Investigator Studies Program [IIS 60257]
- Fondo Supera COVID-19 [2020-001]
- Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC)
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In this study, untargeted metabolomics was used to identify novel metabolic pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 clinical severity. The researchers discovered several plasma biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing mechanistic explanations for the clinical consequences of the disease.
Despite the scientific and human efforts to understand COVID-19, there are questions still unanswered. Variations in the metabolic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection could explain the striking differences in the susceptibility to infection and the risk of severe disease. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics to examine novel metabolic pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 clinical severity using capillary electrophoresis coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CE-TOF-MS) in plasma samples. We included 27 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 29 healthcare workers heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but with low susceptibility to infection (nonsusceptible). We found a total of 42 metabolites of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility or COVID-19 clinical severity. We report the discovery of new plasma biomarkers for COVID-19 that provide mechanistic explanations for the clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2, including mitochondrial and liver dysfunction as a consequence of hypoxemia citrulline, citric acid, and 3-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA)), energy production and amino acid catabolism (phenylalanine and histidine), and endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis (citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and 2-aminobutyric acid (2-AB)), and we found interconnections between these pathways. In summary, in this first report several metabolic pathways implicated in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 clinical progression were found by CE-MS based metabolomics that could be developed as biomarkers of COVID-19.
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