Journal
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
Volume 515, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230589
Keywords
ZnO-Ag-ZnO Nanomesh; Indoor organic photovoltaics; Flexible electrode; Haze; Micro-cavity effect; Transmittance
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) , Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2016R1A3B1908249, 2019R1A6A1A11044070]
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The study demonstrates the incorporation of ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanomesh electrodes into non-fullerene organic photovoltaics, which significantly enhances efficiency under indoor and outdoor lighting conditions, providing higher conversion rates and mechanical flexibility.
An oxide/metal/oxide multilayer electrode is employed to improve the mechanical flexibility as well as power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics. However, its performance needs to be further improved to provide a higher conversion efficiency and better environmental compatibility with curved indoor electronics. In this study, ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanomesh electrodes are incorporated into the inverted non-fullerene organic photovoltaics to enhance the efficiency under indoor and outdoor lighting illumination in a flexible mode. The optoelectrical properties of the perforated ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanomesh electrode with different hole sizes are compared with those of the planar ZnO/Ag/ZnO and indium tin oxide electrodes. The micro-cavity effect and haze effect, which plays a crucial role in determining the performance of the organic photovoltaics, are directly related to the hole diameter. Despite higher transmittance of indium tin oxide, organic photovoltaics using ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanomesh electrodes with a hole diameter of 350 nm exhibits an average conversion efficiency of 15.7% under a 1000 lux light-emitting diode lamp; this efficiency is 45.3% and 27.6% greater than those of organic photovoltaics using indium tin oxide and planar ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes, respectively. Furthermore, all ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanomesh-based organic photovoltaics show much higher mechanical flexible properties than those of the planar ZnO/Ag/ZnO-based organic photovoltaics.
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