Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 78, Issue 2, Pages 295-305Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00839-4
Keywords
Intermittent fasting; Insulin resistance; Glucose; Diabetes
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Funding
- Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) [UIDB/04539/2020]
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Intermittent fasting is an emergent nutritional strategy that can improve multiple features of cardiometabolic diseases by regulating evolution-conserved cellular responses and modulating the circadian rhythms of hormones like insulin or leptin. However, more studies are needed to determine the duration of interventions and the participants' anterior metabolic status.
One of the emergent nutritional strategies for improving multiple features of cardiometabolic diseases is the practice of intermittent fasting (IF), which consists of alternating periods of eating and fasting. IF can reduce circulating glucose and insulin levels, fat mass, and the risk of developing age-related pathologies. IF appears to upregulate evolution-conserved adaptive cellular responses, such as stress-response pathways, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. IF was also observed to modulate the circadian rhythms of hormones like insulin or leptin, among others, which levels change in conditions of food abundance and deficit. However, some contradictory results regarding the duration of the interventions and the anterior metabolic status of the participants suggest that more and longer studies are needed in order to draw conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of IF in the modulation of mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes, as well as the risks.
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