Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue 41, Pages 10156-10162Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02869
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Funding
- Research & Innovation Operational Programme - ERDF [313021T081]
- European Structural and Investment Funds
- Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760, LM2018110]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFE0119700]
- [APVV-17-0352]
- [APVV-15-0641]
- [APVV-15-0693]
- [APVV-19-0465]
- [SK-CN-RD-18-0006]
- [SK-AT-20-0006]
- [APVV-14-0745]
- [APVV-14-0120]
- [VEGA 2/0059/21]
- [VEGA 2/0041/21]
- [ITMS 26230120002]
- [ITMS 26210120002]
- [ITMS 26210120023]
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Lead-halide perovskites have been widely used in photovoltaics and optoelectronics, but further performance improvement requires reducing the generation of defects, which necessitates in-depth research on the formation process and control.
Lead-halide perovskites have established a firm foothold in photovoltaics and optoelectronics due to their steadily increasing power conversion efficiencies approaching conventional inorganic single-crystal semiconductors. However, further performance improvement requires reducing defect-assisted, nonradiative recombination of charge carriers in the perovskite layers. A deeper understanding of perovskite formation and associated process control is a prerequisite for effective defect reduction. In this study, we analyze the crystallization kinetics of the lead-halide perovskite MAPbI(3-x)Cl(x) during thermal annealing, employing in situ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy complemented by lab-based grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). In situ GIWAXS measurements are used to quantify the transition from a crystalline precursor to the perovskite structure. We show that the nonmonotonous character of PL intensity development reflects the perovskite phase volume, as well as the occurrence of the defects states at the perovskite layer surface and grain boundaries. The combined characterization approach enables easy determination of defect kinetics during perovskite formation in real-time.
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