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The Th17/Treg cell balance: crosstalk among the immune system, bone and microbes in periodontitis

Journal

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH
Volume 57, Issue 2, Pages 246-255

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jre.12958

Keywords

OPG; Periodontitis; RANK; RANKL; Th17 cell; Treg cell

Funding

  1. Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine [20201107]
  2. Guangdong Foundation for Basic and Applied Basic Research [2019A1515110161]
  3. Fundamental Research for the Central Universities [21619344, 21621410]
  4. Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Foundation and Application Foundation Research Project [202102020020]
  5. National Nature Science Foundation [81804153]

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Periodontopathic bacteria stimulate host immunity, leading to periodontal tissue damage. Imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells is critical in periodontitis pathogenesis, and the RANKL/RANK/OPG system plays a significant role in periodontitis bone metabolism. The mechanism involving Th17/Treg cell imbalance and RANKL/RANK/OPG may provide new insights into the immunopathological mechanism of periodontitis.
Periodontopathic bacteria constantly stimulate the host, which causes an immune response, leading to host-induced periodontal tissue damage. The complex interaction and imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells may be critical in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Furthermore, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system plays a significant role in periodontitis bone metabolism, and its relationship with the Th17/Treg cell imbalance may be a bridge between periodontal bone metabolism and the immune system. This article reviews the literature related to the Th17/Treg cell imbalance mediated by pathogenic periodontal microbes, and its mechanism involving RANKL/RANK/OPG in periodontitis bone metabolism, in an effort to provide new ideas for the study of the immunopathological mechanism of periodontitis.

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