Heat and Mass Transfer of the Darcy-Forchheimer Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow due to an Extending Curved Surface

The current paper describes a Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid through an incessantly expanding curved surface. Darcy-Forchheimer influence expresses the viscous fluid flow in the porous medium. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a cylindrical form and iron-oxide are utilized to make hybrid nanofluids. Using Karman's scaling, the principal equations are rearranged to nondimensional ordinary differential equations. The Homotopy analysis method is used to further build up the analytic arrangement of modeled equations. The impact of flow variables on the velocity and temperature profiles has been tabulated and explained. The flow velocity is raised when both the curvature and volume fraction parameters are elevated. The temperature and velocity profiles exhibit the opposite tendency when the Forchheimer number is increased, since the fluid velocity decreases while the energy profile grows. The addition of CNTs and iron nanocomposites improves the thermophysical characteristics of the base fluid significantly. The obtained consequences show that hybrid nanofluids are more efficient to improve the heat transfer rate. Using CNTs and nanomaterials in the base fluid to control the coolant level in industrial equipment is a wonderful idea.

Automated summary

This paper describes the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid through a curved surface and investigates the impact of flow variables on velocity and temperature profiles. The study finds that hybrid nanofluids are more effective in improving heat transfer rates.