AGC of dish-Stirling solar thermal integrated thermal system with biogeography based optimised three degree of freedom PID controller

The present study emphasises the application of dish-Stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) in automatic generation control (AGC) of an unequal two area thermal system. The thermal systems are equipped with single reheat turbine, generation rate constraint, and governor dead band. The system dynamics with and without DSTS are tested for integral, proportional integral, proportional integral derivative, and three degree of freedom proportional integral derivative (3DOF-PID) as secondary controllers. The simultaneous optimisation of the controller parameters for each controller is done with biogeography based optimisation (BBO) technique. The 3DOF-PID controllers for the system having DSTS outperform the other controllers in terms of magnitude of oscillation, peak deviation, and settling time in system dynamic responses. The same is validated with random load perturbation. Sensitivity analysis proves that BBO optimised 3DOF-PID controller parameters obtained at nominal conditions are healthy enough. These optimised 3DOF-PID controller parameters are not necessarily needed to optimise for wide changes in system loading, and inertia constant H; step load perturbation (SLP) in all areas and higher SLP in area1. Integration of DSTS for AGC of thermal system is safely attributed.