Journal
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
Volume 64, Issue 2, Pages 516-535Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13224
Keywords
adaptation; divergence times; green plants; key innovations; phylogenetics; terrestrialization
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [32122010, 31970229, 32100178]
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
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This article reviews the knowledge of the origin and evolution of green plants, discussing key morphological innovations and drivers, and highlighting fundamental questions to further understand green plants.
Green plants (Viridiplantae) are ancient photosynthetic organisms that thrive both in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, greatly contributing to the changes in global climates and ecosystems. Significant progress has been made toward understanding the origin and evolution of green plants, and plant biologists have arrived at the consensus that green plants first originated in marine deep-water environments and later colonized fresh water and dry land. The origin of green plants, colonization of land by plants and rapid radiation of angiosperms are three key evolutionary events during the long history of green plants. However, the comprehensive understanding of evolutionary features and molecular innovations that enabled green plants to adapt to complex and changeable environments are still limited. Here, we review current knowledge of phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of green plants, and discuss key morphological innovations and distinct drivers in the evolution of green plants. Ultimately, we highlight fundamental questions to advance our understanding of the phenotypic novelty, environmental adaptation, and domestication of green plants.
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