Journal
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 135, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104324
Keywords
Sitodiplosis mosellana; Diapause; Trehalose; Trehalose-6-phosphatesynthase; Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; Trehalase
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31371933]
- Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi province, China [2020NY-059]
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The research found that in the overwintering process of the orange wheat blossom midge, the content of trehalose significantly increased upon entry into diapause, peaked in the low-temperature quiescence phase, and significantly dropped after development resumed. The activity of trehalose synthetic enzymes showed high consistency with trehalose levels, while the activity of trehalose-degrading enzymes exhibited a completely reversed profile.
Trehalose plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and stress tolerance in various organisms. The orange wheat blossom midge Sitodiplosis mosellana, a serious pest of wheat worldwide, undergoes long obligatory diapause as a larva to survive harsh temperature extremes in summer and winter. To gain an insight into trehalose function and metabolic mechanism in this process, we measured the content of trehalose and glucose, as well as enzymatic activities of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) and soluble trehalase (Treh1) at pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause larvae of S. mosellana. Trehalose levels greatly increased upon entry into diapause, peaked in low-temperature quiescence phase, and significantly dropped after resumption of development, highly consistent with activity changes of trehalose-synthetic enzymes SmTPS and SmTPP. In marked contrast, the activity of trehalose-degrading SmTreh1 exhibited a completely reversed profile. This profile was in agreement with contents of its product i.e. glucose. Furthermore, deduced amino acid sequences of cloned SmTPS, SmTPPB, SmTPPC, SmTreh1-1 and SmTreh1-2 genes contained all conserved functional domains, motifs and active sites. Expression patterns of these genes were closely correlated with their enzyme activities. These results suggested that coordination of trehalose synthetic and degradation pathways is responsible for diapause-related trehalose accumulation, which may serve as an energy reserve for post-diapause development and a cryoprotectant against cold stress in winter.
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