Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 226, Issue 1, Pages 91-96Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab624
Keywords
Influenza; vaccination; test negative design; children
Categories
Funding
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC-RFA-IP16-004]
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Influenza vaccine had effectiveness of 71%, 46%, and 45% against A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B viruses, respectively in children during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. Vaccination offered substantial protection against severe influenza outcomes requiring hospitalization or emergency department visits among children during high-severity seasons with concerns for vaccine mismatch.
Studies have shown egg-adaptive mutations in influenza vaccine strains that might have impaired protection against circulating A(H3N2) influenza viruses during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. We used the test-negative design and multivariable models to assess vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalization and emergency department visits among children (<18 years old) during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. Effectiveness was 71% (95% confidence interval, 59%-79%), 46% (35%-55%), and 45% (33%-55%) against A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B viruses respectively, across both seasons. During high-severity seasons with concerns for vaccine mismatch, vaccination offered substantial protection against severe influenza outcomes requiring hospitalization or emergency department visits among children. With use of the test-negative design to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness, vaccination in the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons halved the risk of children requiring hospitalization or emergency department visits owing to influenza-related illness.
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