Journal
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
Volume 10, Issue 16, Pages 4169-4177Publisher
INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET
DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0680
Keywords
demand side management; power system stability; resource allocation; integer programming; nonlinear programming; power system reliability; DR resource allocation; power system voltage stability; demand-response capacity allocation; DRPs; DR programmes; mixed integer nonlinear multiobjective programming framework; MINMOP framework; maximum achievable potential; MAP; realistic achievable potential; RAP; optimal generation scheduling cost; voltage drop; voltage stability margin; network loss; incentive payment; augmented epsilon-constraint method; off-the-shelf conventional optimisation software; IEEE 24-bus reliability test system; RTS 24-bus
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In this study, capacity allocation of demand-response (DR) and the real-time savings earned from implementing DR programmes (DRPs) are investigated based on a mixed integer non-linear multi-objective programming (MINMOP) framework according to two conflicting concepts, titled; maximum achievable potential (MAP) and realistic achievable potential (RAP). MAP indicates that placing a value on DR resources must be strictly weighed against the value of avoiding the acquisition of short-term resources to meet critical peak period, whereas RAP takes into accounts the amount of savings that might be achieved through DRPs. The proposed MINMOP includes both technical and economic aspects of integrating DRPs into the power systems by considering optimal generation scheduling cost, voltage drop, voltage stability margin, network loss, and incentive payment as objective functions. In addition, augmented -constraint method is applied to solve the proposed MINMOP by means of off-the-shelf conventional optimisation software. The IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS 24-bus) is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. Eventually, DR allocation is analysed through four cases based on different number of candidate buses which demonstrate the interest and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
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