Journal
JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
Volume 81, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102572
Keywords
Covid-19; Lockdown; Essential sectors
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This paper investigates how economic activity impacted Covid-19 infections and all-cause mortality. The study finds that an increase in the number of essential workers in a given area leads to additional daily cases and deaths. The study also highlights the heterogeneity of the effect across different sectors. Furthermore, the local health system plays a crucial role in reducing fatalities.
This paper investigates how economic activityimpactedCovid-19infectionsandall-causemor-tality.Tothispurpose,weexploitthedistributionofessentialsectors,whichwereexemptedfromanationallockdownenactedinItalyduringthefirstwaveofthepandemic,acrossprovincesandrichadministrativedatainadifference-in-differencesframework.Wefindthatastandarddevia-tionincreaseinessentialworkersperbuiltsquarekilometreleadsto1.1additionaldailycasesand0.32additionaldailydeathsper100,000inhabitants.Backoftheenvelopecalculationssuggestthataboutonethird(47,000)oftheCovid-19casesandabout13%(13,000)ofdeathsbetweenMarchandMayof2020canbeattributedtothelessstringentlockdownforthesesectors.Theeffectisheterogeneousacrosssectors.Finally,wefindthatthelocalhealthsystemplayedarel-evantroleinreducingfatalitieswithahighernumberofgeneralpractitionersandhospitalbedsper capita being associated with a lower mortality.
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