Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 423, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126938
Keywords
Stormwater treatment; Metals; Removal mechanism; Competitive effects; Dissolved organic carbon
Categories
Funding
- Pennsylvania Sea Grant (PASG) by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , U.S. Department of Commerce, United States [5827-TU-NOAA-0074]
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department (CEE) at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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The study found that BFS and CCF demonstrated the highest sorption capacity of all metals (>95% removal) in all systems. However, the presence of other contaminants in solution reduced metals removal for other sorbents, and the removal efficiency ranking among metals was generally Cr-Cu-Pb > Ni > Cd > Zn in single-metal, multi-metal, and multi-contaminant solutions.
For a comprehensive estimation of metals removal by sorbents in stormwater systems, it is essential to evaluate the impacts of co-contaminants. However, most studies consider only metals (single or multiple), which may overestimate performance. This study employed a batch method to investigate the performance of five low-cost sorbents - coconut coir fiber (CCF), blast furnace slag (BFS), waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR), biochar (BC), and iron coated biochar (FeBC) - for simultaneous removal of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from simulated stormwater (SSW) containing other contaminants (nutrients and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). BFS and CCF demonstrated the highest sorption capacity of all metals (> 95% removal) in all systems (single and multi-contaminant). However, the presence of other contaminants in solution reduced metals removal for other sorbents, as follows (highest to lowest removal): single-metal > multi-metal > multi-contaminant solutions, and removal efficiency ranking among metals was generally Cr-Cu-Pb > Ni > Cd > Zn. Humic acid (HA) negatively affected the metal sorption, likely due to the formation of soluble HA-metal complexes; NaCl concentration did not impact removal, but alkaline pH improved removal. These findings indicate that sorbents need to be tested under realistic stormwater solution chemistry including co-contaminants to appropriately characterize performance prior to implementation.
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