4.7 Article

Adsorption and recovery of lithium ions from groundwater using date pits impregnated with cellulose nanocrystals and ionic liquid

Journal

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 421, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126657

Keywords

Agricultural wastes; Cellulose extraction; Cellulose nanocrystals; Ionic liquid, Bio-based nanoscale products

Funding

  1. Qatar National Research Fund (Qatar Foundation) [12S-0307-190250]

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The study aimed to prepare a novel low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent, IL-CNC@DP, by impregnating date pits with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and ionic liquid (IL). The batch adsorption process showed that IL-CNC@DP adsorption of lithium was exothermic, not disorder-favoring, and spontaneous. The enhanced removal efficiency of Li+ by IL-CNC@DP compared to DP was attributed to electrostatic attraction forces and hydrogen bonding, with potential selectivity towards different elements in groundwater samples isolated in Qatar.
The study aims to prepare a novel low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent by using date pits (DP) impregnated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and ionic liquid (IL), named IL-CNC@DP. The batch adsorption of lithium onto IL-CNC@DP and DP were studied at different pH values, initial lithium concentrations, and temperatures. The thermodynamics constants of the adsorption process showed that the IL-CNC@DP was exothermic, did not favor a high level of disorder, and spontaneous in nature. At pH 6, there is a significant increase in the removal efficiency where it increased to 90%. This also could be explained by the fact that electrostatic attraction forces and hydrogen bonding existed between the protonated Li+ and the less protonated IL-CNC@DP adsorbent surface, which enhanced the percentage of Li+ removal. A strong inter- and intra-hydrogen bonding (O-H) stretching absorption is seen at 3311 cm(-1) that occurs in cellulose components. In conclusion, the IL-CNC@DP in comparison to the DP confirmed exceptional results proving that the modification enhanced the remediation of the Li+ from water. Furthermore, the selectivity of IL-CNC@DP towards real groundwater samples isolated in Qatar depends upon the physicochemical characteristics of each element.

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