Journal
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
Volume 87, Issue 3, Pages 1009-1019Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16014
Keywords
antioxidant activity; black soybean; germination; phenolic acid; selenium biofortification
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Biofortification with inorganic selenium increased the contents of selenium, total sugar, vitamin C, gamma-aminobutyric acid, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in germinated black soybeans. However, it decreased the contents of soluble protein, fat, and reducing sugar. The antioxidant activity of the selenium biofortified black soybeans positively correlated with phenolic substances accumulation. Principal component analysis showed significant differences between the biofortified black soybeans and regular black soybeans.
Biofortification using inorganic selenium has become an effective strategy to enhance selenium content in crops. In the present study, the effects of selenium biofortification on the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of black soybean (BS) during germination were studied. The contents of selenium, total sugar, vitamin C, gamma-aminobutyric acid, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in selenium biofortified germinated black soybeans (GBS-Se) significantly increased compared to germinated black soybeans (GBS). However, the contents of soluble protein, fat, and reducing sugar were decreased, while fatty acid composition was not significantly different between GBS and BS. HPLC analysis showed that 12 phenolic acids of all samples, which mainly existed in free forms. Their contents increased at low concentration of selenium and decreased along with the rise of selenium concentrations. The antioxidant activity of GBS-Se as analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis positively correlated with the accumulation of phenolic substances. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that GBS and GBS-Se were significantly different from BS. Moreover, the physicochemical indexes of GBS showed regularly changes with increasing selenium content, and those of GBS-Se50 and GBS-Se75 were significantly different from GBS. The results provide a systematic evaluation on the effect of selenium fortification on the germination of seeds and useful information for the development of Se-enriched functional foods. Practical Application The organic selenium black soybean (BS) produced by the germination method can be directly processed and eaten to improve human health. In addition, complexes of organic selenium, vitamin C, and gamma-aminobutyric acid of germinated BS can be developed into functional substances and applied to food or health products as functional ingredient and/or natural antioxidant supplements.
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