Jump rope vortex flow in liquid metal Rayleigh-Benard convection in a cuboid container of aspect ratio Γ=5

We study the topology and the temporal dynamics of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in a liquid metal with a Prandtl number of 0.03 located inside a box with a square base area and an aspect ratio of Gamma = 5. Experiments and numerical simulations are focused on the Rayleigh number range 6.7 x 10(4) <= Ra <= 3.5 x 10(5), where a new cellular flow regime has been reported previously (Akashi et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 4, 2019, 033501). This flow structure shows symmetries with respect to the vertical planes crossing at the centre of the container. The dynamic behaviour is dominated by strong three-dimensional oscillations with a period length that corresponds to the turnover time. Our analysis reveals that the flow structure in the Gamma = 5 box corresponds in key features to the jump rope vortex structure, which has recently been discovered in a Gamma = 2 cylinder (Vogt et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 115, 2018, pp. 12674-12679). While in the Gamma = 2 cylinder a single jump rope vortex occurs, the coexistence of four recirculating swirls is detected in this study. Their approach to the lid or the bottom of the convection box causes a temporal deceleration of both the horizontal velocity at the respective boundary and the vertical velocity in the bulk, which in turn is reflected in Nusselt number oscillations. The cellular flow regime shows remarkable similarities to properties commonly attributed to turbulent superstructures.

Automated summary

The study examines the topology and temporal dynamics of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in a liquid metal with a low Prandtl number inside a box with specific dimensions. Results show similarities to the jump rope vortex structure discovered in a different configuration, with the coexistence of multiple recirculating swirls. This complex flow behavior leads to variations in velocity and Nusselt number oscillations.