Highly sensitive CuZnO-Fe3O4/rGO modified glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical determination of acetaminophen, tyrosine and codeine in human blood plasma and urine

In the provided study, for the first time, simultaneous electrochemical measurement of Acetaminophen (AC), Tyrosine (Tyr), and Codeine (Cod) was discussed. The CuZnO-Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite was prepared, then applied for amendment of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface in order to measurement of target analytes using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques displayed that CuZnO-Fe3O4/rGO/GCE has the lowest electron transfer resistance (Rct) in comparison to GCE and was suitable for electrochemical applications. The synthesized compounds were examined using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). At the CuZnO-Fe3O4/rGO/GCE, three oxidation peaks appeared at 364, 592, and 908 mV with Ipa = 2.41, 2.22 and 2.8 mu A for AC, Tyr, and Cod and the peaks separation of Delta Ep (AC, Tyr) = 228 mV, and Delta Ep (Tyr and Cod) = 316 mV in the potential region 0.0-1.2 V. In optimum DPV condition and pH = 7.0, a dynamic range of AC (0.01-15 and 15-420 mu M), Tyr (0.014-18 and 18-460 mu M) and Cod (0.01-18 and 18-460 mu M) with the detection limit of 6.4, 7.6, and 5.7 nM for AC, Tyr and Cod, respectively, were acquired. The provided sensor was successfully applied for the monitoring of the analytes in urine and human blood plasma spiked samples. The data using the suggested sensor and HPLC method were in good agreement without significant difference.

Automated summary

In this study, simultaneous electrochemical measurement of Acetaminophen, Tyrosine, and Codeine was discussed for the first time. A CuZnO-Fe3O4/rGO nanocomposite was prepared and successfully applied for the amendment of a glassy carbon electrode surface. The sensor demonstrated good performance in monitoring analytes in urine and human blood plasma, showing good agreement with results obtained using the HPLC method.