Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
Volume 49, Issue 3, Pages 240-250Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13588
Keywords
diet; masticatory dysfunction; oral-health-related quality of life; periodontitis; stage IV; tooth loss
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Funding
- European Research Group on Periodontology, The Hong Kong Health & Medical Research Fund (HMRF) [07182796]
- Hong Kong higher education fellowship
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This study aimed to describe the characteristics of periodontal and functional impairment in different stages of periodontitis and to associate measures of masticatory function and quality of life with the stage of periodontitis. The results showed that subjects with stage IV periodontitis had greater impairment in oral health-related quality of life, masticatory function, tooth loss, and periodontal breakdown compared to subjects with stages I-III of the disease.
Aim To describe periodontal and functional characteristics of subjects diagnosed with different stages of periodontitis and to associate measures of masticatory function and quality of life with periodontitis stage. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of 214 subjects with periodontitis seeking oral care in a hospital setting. They received a full-mouth intra-oral examination including dental and periodontal charting by a single calibrated examiner who also established the periodontitis stage diagnosis. Subjects were assessed using the OHIP-14, a validated masticatory dysfunction questionnaire, and a quantitative test based on the ability to mix a dual colour chewing gum. Mixing was quantified based on the variance of hue (VOH) with a colorimetric software. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Subjects with stage IV periodontitis reported greater impairment of oral-health-related quality of life, reduced food intake or altered food type intake attributed to difficulties in chewing, objective measures of masticatory dysfunction, tooth loss, as well as more advanced periodontal breakdown compared with subjects with stages I-III of the disease. Quantitative assessment of masticatory function was associated, in a multivariate analysis, with (i) loss of functional tooth units in the premolar/molar region, presence of hypermobile teeth, and severity of periodontal attachment loss, and (ii) age, body mass index, and periodontitis stage IV and grade C diagnosis. Conclusions Subjects with stage IV periodontitis are characterized by a specific set of signs and symptoms of advanced periodontal breakdown and functional impairment, which impact on the quality of life and masticatory function/food intake choices. Stage IV periodontitis captures a clinical entity with distinct features and treatment needs. This study is registered in (NCT03928080).
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