Journal
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 237, Issue 3, Pages 1711-1719Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30654
Keywords
bone biology; cell signaling; osteoclasts; Siglec-15; tumor microenvironment
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council [APP1107828, APP1127156, APP1163933, APP2003629]
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Siglec-15, a type-1 transmembrane protein mainly expressed in human macrophages and dendritic cells, plays important roles in osteoclast physiology and tumor microenvironment through regulating signaling pathways. It shows potential immune-regulatory role in cancer immunology and may serve as an alternative target for cancers not responsive to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy.
Siglec-15, a Siglec family member and type-1 transmembrane protein, is expressed mainly in human macrophages and dendritic cells. It is comprised of a lysine-containing transmembrane domain, two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and a short cytoplasmic domain. Siglec-15 is highly conserved in vertebrates and acts as an immunoreceptor. It exerts diverse functions on osteoclast physiology as well as the tumor microenvironment. Siglec-15 interacts with adapter protein DAP12 - Syk signaling pathway to regulate the RANKL/RANK-mediated PI3K, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways during osteoclast formation in vitro. Consistently, the lack of the Siglec-15 gene in mice leads to impaired osteoclast activity and osteopetrosis in vivo. In addition, Siglec-15 is expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulates the tumor microenvironment by activating the SYK/MAPK signaling pathway. Interestingly, Siglec-15 shares sequence homology to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and has a potential immune-regulatory role in cancer immunology. Thus, Siglec-15 might also represent an alternative target for the treatment of cancers that do not respond to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy. Understanding the role of Siglec-15 in osteoclastogenesis and the tumor microenvironment will help us to develop new treatments for bone disorders and cancer.
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