Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 298, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101552
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Funding
- NIH [NS102227, NS096190]
- David Johnson Family Foundation
- Oregon Tax Checkoff Alzheimer's Research Fund
- American Parkinson Disease Association
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In this study, we found that both alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and its phosphorylated form (pSyn) can bind DNA in a DNA length-dependent manner, but without specificity for DNA sequence. We also observed that the phosphorylation of serine-129 reduces the ability of aSyn to bind and bend DNA. These findings suggest that the ability of aSyn to interact with DNA and modulate DNA metabolism may be regulated by phosphorylation.
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a vertebrate protein, normally found within the presynaptic nerve terminal and nucleus, which is known to form somatic and neuritic aggregates in certain neurodegenerative diseases. Disease-associated aggre-gates of aSyn are heavily phosphorylated at serine-129 (pSyn), while normal aSyn protein is not. Within the nucleus, aSyn can directly bind DNA, but the mechanism of binding and the potential modulatory roles of phosphorylation are poorly un-derstood. Here we demonstrate using a combination of elec-trophoretic mobility shift assay and atomic force microscopy approaches that both aSyn and pSyn can bind DNA within the major groove, in a DNA length-dependent manner and with little specificity for DNA sequence. Our data are consistent with a model in which multiple aSyn molecules bind a single 300 base pair (bp) DNA molecule in such a way that stabilizes the DNA in a bent conformation. We propose that serine-129 phosphorylation decreases the ability of aSyn to both bind and bend DNA, as aSyn binds 304 bp circular DNA forced into a bent shape, but pSyn does not. Two aSyn paralogs, beta-and gamma-synuclein, also interact with DNA differently than aSyn, and do not stabilize similar DNA conformations. Our work suggests that reductions in aSyn's ability to bind and bend DNA induced by serine-129 phosphorylation may be important for modulating aSyn's known roles in DNA metabolism, including the regulation of transcription and DNA repair.
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