Constraints from in-situ Rb-Sr dating on the timing of tectono-thermal events in the Umm Farwah shear zone and associated Cu-Au mineralisation in the Southern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

Constraining the tectonic history and timing of major shear zone structures in the Arabian Shield is critical for better understanding of the origin, tectonic history and distribution of ore deposits within this Precambrian crystalline crustal block. Here, we used a novel in-situ Rb-Sr dating of micas and K-feldspar to constrain the age of the Umm Farwah Shear Zone, which represents a regional tectonic feature that extends about 200 km across the southern part of the Arabian Shield. We also constrain the timing of Mount Ablah mineralisations which are exposed within the Umm Farwah Shear Zone and contains two styles of mineralisations including a greisen and Cu-Au mineralisation. These ore deposits are hosted in a pegmatite body that formed during the development of the Umm Farwah Shear Zone. Two main groups of muscovite (i.e., Group I and Group II) and K-feldspar mineral phases were identified based on ages and elemental variations in the mineralised zone and the host rocks. Results of in-situ Rb-Sr dating in the above K-rich minerals show that the Umm Farwah Shear Zone was initiated at ca. 651 Ma, and the emplacement of the Mount Ablah pegmatite occurred between 626 and 611 Ma, followed by the formation of greisen at 601 +/- 12 Ma. In-situ Rb-Sr data also highlight a younger 'alteration' event occurred at ca. 556 +/- 23 Ma, which partially reset the Rb-Sr system in the pegmatite and may thus reflect hydrothermal circulation event or overprint due to formation of Cu-Au mineralisation.

Automated summary

Constraining the tectonic history and timing of major shear zone structures in the Arabian Shield is critical for better understanding the distribution of ore deposits. In this study, in-situ Rb-Sr dating was used to determine the age of the Umm Farwah Shear Zone and the timing of Mount Ablah mineralisations. Results indicate that the shear zone was initiated at around 651 Ma, with mineralisation occurring between 626 and 611 Ma, and greisen formation at 601 +/- 12 Ma. The study also identified two main groups of mineral phases, providing insights into the tectonic history and origin of ore deposits in the Arabian Shield.