Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
Volume 139, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/app.52096
Keywords
composites; nanoparticles; nanowires and nanocrystals; nanostructured polymers; nonpolymeric materials and composites
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and development Plan [2016YFC0303705]
- China Merchant Offshore Technology Research Center [CMRD-B038]
- Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing [ZX20200097]
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This paper reviews the factors affecting the dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer matrices and describes key measures to promote nanoparticle dispersion. Successful preparation of PNCs requires nanoparticles with size smaller than the rotation radius of polymer chains and highly compatible or interacting surface with the matrix. Further studies on both thermodynamics and kinetics of the dispersion process are needed.
When fabricating polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), it is difficult for nanoparticles to disperse stably in polymer matrix since their high-surface energy can cause them to attract each other. In this paper, we review the effects of nanoparticle size, surface chemical properties, and thermodynamic parameters on the dispersion state of nanoparticles (including inorganic and organic particles) in PNCs and describe some key measures to promote the nanoparticles dispersion. The ideal nanoparticles dispersion in polymer melt is available when the particle size is smaller than the rotation radius of polymer chains and the particle surface is highly compatible or has interactions with the matrix. In polymer solution, establishing proper thermodynamic parameters is necessary to ensure the balance interactions among particles, solvents, and polymers, leading to the successful preparation of PNCs with ideal structure. These results could supply theoretical suggestions for the design of PNCs. Moreover, the equilibrium dispersion may be unavailable without reasonable kinetic parameters, even if the dispersion process is thermodynamically favorable. Therefore, more studies are required on both thermodynamics and kinetics of the dispersion process.
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