Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 132, Issue 3, Pages 835-861Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00607.2021
Keywords
disuse; inactivity; metabolism; oxidative stress; physical activity
Categories
Funding
- Veterans Affairs VA Merit Award [I01 CX001999, E6910-R, E1697-R, E3207-R, E9275-L, E1572-P]
- VA Senior Research Career Scientist Award [E9275-L]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL142603, R01 AG050781]
- Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [T32 HL139451]
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Cardiovasomobility is a concept that focuses on the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function and their response to physical activity or lack thereof. Physical activity improves health, while a sedentary lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and disease progression. Experimental models of inactivity and disuse provide valuable insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Cardiovasomobility is a novel concept that encompasses the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in health and disease with critical modification by physical activity, or lack thereof. Compelling evidence indicates that physical activity improves health while a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and hastens disease progression. Identifying causative factors for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction, especially in humans, has proven difficult due to the limitations associated with cross-sectional investigations. Therefore, experimental models of physical inactivity and disuse, which mimic hospitalization, injury, and illness, provide important insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction. This review provides an overview of the experimental models of disuse and inactivity and focuses on the integrated responses of the vasculature and skeletal muscle in response to disuse/inactivity. The time course and magnitude of dysfunction evoked by various models of disuse/inactivity are discussed in detail, and evidence in support of the critical roles of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress are presented. Lastly, strategies aimed at preserving vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction during disuse/inactivity are reviewed. Within the context of cardiovasomobility, experimental manipulation of physical activity provides valuable insight into the mechanisms responsible for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction that limit mobility, degrade quality of life, and hasten the onset of disease.
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