Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 148, Issue 6, Pages 1347-1364Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.018
Keywords
Food allergy; guidelines; prevention; treatment; epidemiology
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Zentrum fur Lungenforschung (DZL, German Lung Center) [82DZL00502]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 1021]
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The prevalence of food allergy is increasing in some areas, calling for better strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Significant progress has been made in understanding the causes of food allergies, leading to updated guidelines recommending early introduction of allergenic foods and the approval of oral immunotherapy drugs for FA.
The prevalence of food allergy (FA) is increasing in some areas of the globe, highlighting the need for better strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In the last few decades, we have made great strides in understanding the causes and mechanisms underlying FAs, prompting guideline updates. Earlier guidelines recommended avoidance of common food allergens during pregnancy and lactation and delaying the introduction of allergenic foods in children aged between 1 and 3 years. Recent guidelines for allergy prevention recommend consumption of a healthy and diverse diet without eliminating or increasing the consumption of allergenic foods during pregnancy or breast-feeding. Early introduction of allergenic foods is recommended by most guidelines for allergy prevention after a period of exclusive breast-feedng (6 months [World Health Organization] or 4 months [European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology]). New diagnostics for FA have been developed with varied availability of these tests in different countries. Finally, the first oral immunotherapy drug for FA was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency in 2020. In this review, we will address the global prevalence of FA, our current understanding of the causes of FA, and the latest guidelines for preventing, diagnosing, and treating FA. We will also discuss similarities and differences between FA guidelines. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021;148:1347-64.)
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