Measurement of Minor Element Distributions in Complex Copper Converting Slags Using Quantitative Microanalysis Techniques

The distribution coefficients of minor elements Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Bi, Sn, Sb, As, Te, Se, Ga, Ge, and In between slag, matte, and spinel phases in industrial copper converting slag samples have been determined by the microanalysis method using the combination of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The major factors affecting analysis accuracy, including analysis precision, detection limits, background correction, beam damage, and standard selection, are discussed. The determined minor elements distributions show good consistency with most recently published literature data. The present study demonstrates that minor element distributions with precision close to that of controlled laboratory studies could be obtained by direct measurement of plant samples upon careful sampling, microstructural examination, and the application of customized analytical routines. The advantages and limitations of using microanalysis techniques for industry slag assay are also discussed.

Automated summary

The distribution of minor elements in industrial copper converting slag samples was determined using a combination of EPMA and LA-ICP-MS methods. The results showed good consistency with literature data and demonstrated that accurate distributions of minor elements can be obtained by direct measurement of plant samples. The advantages and limitations of using microanalysis techniques for industry slag assay were also discussed.