Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
Volume 16, Issue -, Pages 7727-7739Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S303521
Keywords
graphene oxide-copper nanocomposites; anti-biofilm; Streptococcus mutans; exopolysaccharides; dental caries
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81900988, 82071104]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [20ZR1448700]
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Research Discipline fund from Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [KQYJXK2020]
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The study showed that low-dose GO-Cu nanocomposites could disrupt exopolysaccharide matrix assembly and impair optimal biofilm development with minimal cytotoxicity. Therefore, GO-Cu nanocomposites offer a new avenue for the development of alternative anti-caries biomaterials.
Introduction: Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent disease that largely relies on the ability of Streptococcus mutans to synthesize exopolysaccharide matrix. Graphene oxide-based metal nanomaterials, as the derivatives of graphene, are potent agents against pathogens by their impressive antibacterial and anti-biofilm biofunctions. Previously, we fabricated the novel graphene oxide-copper nanocomposites (GO-Cu), maintaining a long-term release of copper nanoparticles. Here, the biofunctionalization of GO-Cu nanocomposites against cariogenic S. mutans is investigated. Methods: Growth curve observation and colony forming units counting were applied to detect the antibacterial effect of GO-Cu nanocomposites on S. mutans. Scanning electron microscopy and the crystal violet assay were used to detect nanocomposite effects on biofilm forming ability. The production and distribution of exopolysaccharides within biofilm was analyzed and the expression of genes required for biofilm formation was explored. Moreover, the regulatory landscape of GO-Cu nanocomposites on S. mutans pathogenicity was probed. Results: It has been found that GO-Gu nanocomposites were antibacterial to S. mutans and 10 mu g/mL GO-Cu nanocomposites could inhibit the bacteria bioactivity instead of killing them. The biomass of S. mutans biofilm was significantly reduced when treated with 10 mu g/ mL GO-Cu nanocomposites. Also, 10 mu g/mL GO-Cu nanocomposites could alter the biofilm architecture and impair exopolysaccharides production and distribution, and dysregulated the expression of exopolysaccharide-associated genes. Conclusion: In all, we found low-dose GO-Cu nanocomposites could disrupt exopolysac-charide matrix assembly and further impair optimal biofilm development with minimal cytotoxicity. Therefore, GO-Cu nanocomposites can open up a new avenue for the develop-ment of alternative anti-caries biomaterials.
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