Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111338
Keywords
mitochondria; inflammation; infection; mitochondria dysfunction; mitochondrial bioenergetics; infection disease; inflammatory disease
Funding
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Aix-Marseille University
- French Agency for Research (Agence Nationale de la Recherche-ANR)
- CNPq (Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development)
- FAPESP (Sao Paulo State Research Funding Agency Brazil) [2013/50302-3, 2014/50890-5]
- National Institutes of Health/USA [2P50 AI098461-02, 2U19AI098461-06]
- Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University -A*Midex a French Investissements d'Avenir programme-Institute MarMaRa [AMX-19-IET-007]
- MarMaRa fellowship
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Mitochondria are the energy powerhouse of the cell, playing essential roles in inflammation, pathogen response, and oxidative stress. Pathogens can exploit mitochondria to disrupt cellular functions by affecting oxidative phosphorylation mechanisms. Targeting mitochondria could be a promising therapeutic strategy for infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell's needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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