Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910507
Keywords
space radiation; microgravity; OsaD; genetic and epigenetic changes; radiation carcinogenesis risk
Funding
- University of Padova (BIRD-DOR 2020)
- NASA [16-ROSBFP_GL-0005: NNH16ZTT001N-FG, 80NSSC19K0883]
- The Translational Research Institute for Space Health through NASA Cooperative Agreement [NNX16AO69A (T-0404)]
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The space environment exposes individuals to a mixture of ionizing radiation and altered gravity, which can impact human cells' genetics and epigenetics, potentially leading to radiation carcinogenesis risk. Researchers are working to collect data under real and simulated space conditions to accurately estimate the risk of space exposure.
The space environment consists of a complex mixture of different types of ionizing radiation and altered gravity that represents a threat to humans during space missions. In particular, individual radiation sensitivity is strictly related to the risk of space radiation carcinogenesis. Therefore, in view of future missions to the Moon and Mars, there is an urgent need to estimate as accurately as possible the individual risk from space exposure to improve the safety of space exploration. In this review, we survey the combined effects from the two main physical components of the space environment, ionizing radiation and microgravity, to alter the genetics and epigenetics of human cells, considering both real and simulated space conditions. Data collected from studies on human cells are discussed for their potential use to estimate individual radiation carcinogenesis risk from space exposure.
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