Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910811
Keywords
cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs); wheat; callose; PR1; Pseudomonas syringae; Botrytis cinerea
Funding
- Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR) [PRIN 20173LBZM2]
- University of Padova Progetto di Ateneo [CPDA135891]
- Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research (MIUR) [232/2016]
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The study demonstrated the ability of the Fusarium graminearum FGSG_03624 xylanase to enhance plant immunity and reduce disease severity. Expression of the enzyme in tobacco and Arabidopsis resulted in symptom reduction when challenged with different pathogens.
Fungal enzymes degrading the plant cell wall, such as xylanases, can activate plant immune responses. The Fusarium graminearum FGSG_03624 xylanase, previously shown to elicit necrosis and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in wheat, was investigated for its ability to induce disease resistance. To this aim, we transiently and constitutively expressed an enzymatically inactive form of FGSG_03624 in tobacco and Arabidopsis, respectively. The plants were challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci or pv. maculicola and Botrytis cinerea. Symptom reduction by the bacterium was evident, while no reduction was observed after B. cinerea inoculation. Compared to the control, the presence of the xylanase gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants did not alter the basal expression of a set of defense-related genes, and, after the P. syringae inoculation, a prolonged PR1 expression was detected. F. graminearum inoculation experiments of durum wheat spikes exogenously treated with the FGSG_03624 xylanase highlighted a reduction of symptoms in the early phases of infection and a lower fungal biomass accumulation than in the control. Besides, callose deposition was detected in infected spikes previously treated with the xylanase and not in infected control plants. In conclusion, our results highlight the ability of FGSG_03624 to enhance plant immunity, thus decreasing disease severity.
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