4.7 Review

Plant Executor Genes

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Plant Sciences

Systemic propagation of immunity in plants

A. Corina Vlot et al.

Summary: Systemic immunity in plants can be triggered by pathogens interacting with leaves (SAR) or beneficial microbes interacting with roots (ISR), each pathway involving specific signals and molecules. These pathways interact to regulate inter-plant defense propagation, affecting plant-plant interactions and the composition of the plant microbiome.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2021)

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Consequences of adaptation of TAL effectors on host susceptibility to Xanthomonas

Doron Teper et al.

Summary: By using an experimental evolution approach, we identified adaptive mutations and deletions in TALEs that cannot recognize the EBE of host targets, which reconstituted virulence on the host in less than 30 cycles of repeated infections. Adaptive variants originated from TALEs with a small number of mismatches to the EBE, while TALEs with more mismatches failed to adapt during the study period. This study experimentally demonstrates adaptive rearrangements of TALEs during host adaptation and highlights the importance of considering resistance durability in modified crops introduced into the field.

PLOS GENETICS (2021)

Article Plant Sciences

TALE-triggered and iTALE-suppressed Xa1-mediated resistance to bacterial blight is independent of rice transcription factor subunits OsTFIIAγ1 or OsTFIIAγ5

Xiameng Xu et al.

Summary: This study found that OsTFIIA gamma 1 and OsTFIIA gamma 5 in rice do not affect TALE-triggered and iTALE-suppressed Xa1-mediated resistance, suggesting the involvement of unknown factors in the interaction of Xa1, TALEs, and iTALEs.

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Article Plant Sciences

An ERF121 transcription factor from Brassica oleracea is a target for the conserved TAL-effectors from different Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains

Nikolay Zlobin et al.

Summary: This study identified TALE genes in X. campestris pv. campestris strains causing black rot disease in crucifers, and found that TALEs activate AP2/ERF transcription factors to increase susceptibility to Xanthomonas infection in plants.

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The ZAR1 resistosome is a calcium-permeable channel triggering plant immune signaling

Guozhi Bi et al.

Summary: The study showed that the activated ZAR1 protein can form pentameric complexes in the plasma membrane, exhibiting ion channel activity dependent on the conserved acidic residue Glu11. Pre-assembled ZAR1 resistosome readily incorporated into planar lipid-bilayers and displayed calcium-permeable cation-selective channel activity. Activation of ZAR1 in the plant cell resulted in Glu11-dependent Ca2+ influx, perturbation of subcellular structures, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death.
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Increasing resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice by editing the promoter of susceptibility gene OsSULRT3;6

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Zhe Ni et al.

Summary: In this study, we demonstrate that editing the EBEs of susceptibility genes in rice can confer significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo and Xoc, while maintaining the original agronomic traits. Our findings provide evidence for the potential use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in improving rice resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pathogens.
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A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

Ebrahim Osdaghi et al.

Summary: The disease symptoms include water-soaked areas, chlorosis, and necrotic spots on plants, with host range mainly on tomatoes and peppers. The pathogen belongs to Xanthomonas genus and has synonyms like Bacterium vesicatorium, with gram-negative colonies found in general culture media. It is widespread in Africa, Brazil, Canada, the USA, Australia, eastern Europe, and south-east Asia.

MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2021)

Article Agronomy

Xa7, a Small Orphan Gene Harboring Promoter Trap for AvrXa7, Leads to the Durable Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae Pv. oryzae

Congying Wang et al.

Summary: The research revealed that the rice resistance gene Xa7 is an orphan gene encoding a novel protein that triggers resistance reaction by perceiving AvrXa7. Additionally, it was found that Xa7 is absent in most cultivated rice varieties, but highly homologs of XA7 were identified in wild grasses such as Leersia perrieri.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Xa7, a new executor R gene that confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease in rice

Xifeng Chen et al.

Summary: The study presents a novel executor R gene, Xa7, which confers extremely durable, broad-spectrum, and heat-tolerant resistance to bacterial blight (BB) in rice. The expression of Xa7 is induced by incompatible Xoo strains, with faster and stronger induction under high temperatures, triggering a hypersensitive response in plants. The research findings on the interaction between Xa7 and Xoo strains will greatly aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms of Xa7-mediated resistance and its potential use in breeding programs.

PLANT COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Xa7 resistance gene guards the rice susceptibility gene SWEET14 against exploitation by the bacterial blight pathogen

Dangping Luo et al.

Summary: The research reveals Xa7 as a cognate R gene for TALes from the Xoo pathogen, regulating the expression of the rice gene SWEET14 and affecting host plant resistance to the bacteria. The Xa7 region contains an element that binds to AvrXa7 and encodes a peptide of unknown function consisting of 113 amino acids.

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Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant-pathogen interactions

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Xa1 Allelic R Genes Activate Rice Blight Resistance Suppressed by Interfering TAL Effectors

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Reconstitution and structure of a plant NLR resistosome conferring immunity

Jizong Wang et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

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Broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight in rice using genome editing

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Xanthomonas TAL effectors hijack host basal transcription factor IIA α and γ subunits for invasion

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Targeted promoter editing for rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae reveals differential activities for SWEET14-inducing TAL effectors

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Induction of Xa10-like Genes in Rice Cultivar Nipponbare Confers Disease Resistance to Rice Bacterial Blight

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Balancing Immunity and Yield in Crop Plants

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Interfering TAL effectors of Xanthomonas oryzae neutralize R-gene-mediated plant disease resistance

Zhiyuan Ji et al.

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XA23 Is an Executor R Protein and Confers Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice

Chunlian Wang et al.

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Genetic engineering of the Xa10 promoter for broad-spectrum and durable resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

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TAL effectors and the executor R genes

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RNA-seq pinpoints a Xanthomonas TAL-effector activated resistance gene in a large-crop genome

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Structural Basis for Sequence-Specific Recognition of DNA by TAL Effectors

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Xanthomonas AvrBs3 Family-Type III Effectors: Discovery and Function

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Host and Pathogen Factors Controlling the Rice-Xanthomonas oryzae Interaction

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Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors

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A Simple Cipher Governs DNA Recognition by TAL Effectors

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Flavin-containing monooxygenases in plants: looking beyond detox

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Inhibition of resistance gene-mediated defense in rice by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

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Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars: model pathogens of a model crop

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