Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312750
Keywords
osteoporosis; mesenchymal stem cells; extracellular vesicles; EV cargo; engineering EV; osteoporosis medications
Funding
- Kaohsiung Medical University [110005-3, KMU-M110010A]
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Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic bone disease that mainly affects postmenopausal women and older people. Bisphosphonates are currently the main therapeutic agents, but their limited efficacy and various side effects highlight the need for alternative therapies.
Osteoporosis is the chronic metabolic bone disease caused by the disturbance of bone remodeling due to the imbalance of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. A large population suffers from osteoporosis, and most of them are postmenopausal women or older people. To date, bisphosphonates are the main therapeutic agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, limited therapeutic effects with diverse side effects caused by bisphosphonates hindered the therapeutic applications and decreased the quality of life. Therefore, an alternative therapy for osteoporosis is still needed. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, have been shown as a promising medication for numerous human diseases including many refractory diseases. Recently, researchers found that the extracellular vesicles derived from these stem cells possessed the similar therapeutic potential to that of parental cells. To date, a number of studies demonstrated the therapeutic applications of exogenous MSC-EVs for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this article, we reviewed the basic back ground of EVs, the cargo and therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs, and strategies of engineering of MSC-EVs for osteoporosis treatment.
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