Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212365
Keywords
cytokines; immune cell; itch mediator and modulator; sensory neuron
Funding
- Inohana Foundation (Chiba University) [17H07096, 19K17817and 21K16307, 20H03568]
- [IFCU-2021-06]
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Recent studies have shown that non-histaminergic mediators such as proteases, neuropeptides, and cytokines play a role in evoking and modulating itch sensation, acting on sensory nerve fibers in the skin. Understanding the connections between immune cell-derived mediators and sensory nerve fibers has led to the development of new treatments for itch.
Although histamine is a well-known itch mediator, histamine H-1-receptor blockers often lack efficacy in chronic itch. Recent molecular and cellular based studies have shown that non-histaminergic mediators, such as proteases, neuropeptides and cytokines, along with their cognate receptors, are involved in evocation and modulation of itch sensation. Many of these molecules are produced and secreted by immune cells, which act on sensory nerve fibers distributed in the skin to cause itching and sensitization. This understanding of the connections between immune cell-derived mediators and sensory nerve fibers has led to the development of new treatments for itch. This review summarizes current knowledge of immune cell-derived itch mediators and neuronal response mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic agents that target these systems.
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