Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031215
Keywords
lung cancer; diagnosis; molecular targets; proteomics; metabolomics; early detection
Funding
- Albrechtsen Research Centre,St. Boniface Hospital
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The five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is low due to late-stage diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of early detection. This review discusses various early detection methods such as chest X-rays, bronchoscopy, sputum analysis, and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). It also highlights the potential of metabolomic fingerprinting as a cost-effective and accessible blood-based test for early-stage lung cancer screening.
The five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low, mainly because most newly diagnosed patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Therefore, early diagnosis is key to the successful treatment and management of lung cancer. Unfortunately, early detection methods of lung cancer are not ideal. In this brief review, we described early detection methods such as chest X-rays followed by bronchoscopy, sputum analysis followed by cytological analysis, and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). In addition, we discussed the potential of metabolomic fingerprinting, compared to that of other biomarkers, including molecular targets, as a low-cost, high-throughput blood-based test that is both feasible and affordable for early-stage lung cancer screening of at-risk populations. Accordingly, we proposed a paradigm shift to metabolomics as an alternative to molecular and proteomic-based markers in lung cancer screening, which will enable blood-based routine testing and be accessible to those patients at the highest risk for lung cancer.
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