Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212256
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; functional autoradiography; cannabinoid receptors; LPA receptors; sphingosine 1-phosphate; ligand binding; G protein; MALDI-MSI; [S-35]GTP gamma S autoradiography; 3xTg-AD mice
Funding
- regional Basque Government [IT975-16]
- ISCIII Spanish Ministry for Health [PI20/00153]
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The study using a triple transgenic mouse model confirmed the association between neurolipid signaling and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, indicating that the changes in lipid regulation and signaling in different brain regions may help improve neurotransmission and alleviate myelin dysfunction.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in aging populations. Recently, the regulation of neurolipid-mediated signaling and cerebral lipid species was shown in AD patients. The triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD), harboring beta APP(Swe), PS1(M146V), and tau(P301L) transgenes, mimics many critical aspects of AD neuropathology and progressively develops neuropathological markers. Thus, in the present study, 3xTg-AD mice have been used to test the involvement of the neurolipid-based signaling by endocannabinoids (eCB), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in relation to the lipid deregulation. [S-35]GTP gamma S autoradiography was used in the presence of specific agonists WIN55,212-2, LPA and CYM5442, to measure the activity mediated by CB1, LPA(1), and S1P(1) G(i/0) coupled receptors, respectively. Consecutive slides were used to analyze the relative intensities of multiple lipid species by MALDI Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with microscopic anatomical resolution. The quantitative analysis of the astrocyte population was performed by immunohistochemistry. CB1 receptor activity was decreased in the amygdala and motor cortex of 3xTg-AD mice, but LPA(1) activity was increased in the corpus callosum, motor cortex, hippocampal CA1 area, and striatum. Conversely, S1P(1) activity was reduced in hippocampal areas. Moreover, the observed modifications on PC, PA, SM, and PI intensities in different brain areas depend on their fatty acid composition, including decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) phospholipids and increase of species containing saturated fatty acids (SFA). The regulation of some lipid species in specific brain regions together with the modulation of the eCB, LPA, and S1P signaling in 3xTg-AD mice indicate a neuroprotective adaptation to improve neurotransmission, relieve the myelination dysfunction, and to attenuate astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. These results could contribute to identify new therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of the lipid signaling in familial AD patients.
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