Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111651
Keywords
annexins; calcium-permeable channels; Cd flux; MAJ; NaCl; NAU; Paxillus involutus; Populus x canescens; PM H+-ATPase
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31770643, 32071730]
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Germany)
- Bundesministerium fuer Ernaehrung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz (BMELV)
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The study demonstrated that colonization of salt-sensitive Populus x canescens with ectomycorrhizal fungi could enhance the phytoremediation of Cd2+ in salt-affected areas, offering a potentially cost-effective solution. The colonization by EM fungus facilitated Cd2+ enrichment in the roots, partly reversing the salt suppression of Cd2+ uptake, and upregulated the transcription of genes related to Cd2+ conductance, ultimately improving the remediation efficiency under co-occurring stress of cadmium and salinity.
Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution occurring in salt-affected soils has become an increasing environmental concern in the world. Fast-growing poplars have been widely utilized for phytoremediation of soil contaminating heavy metals (HMs). However, the woody Cd2+-hyperaccumulator, Populus x canescens, is relatively salt-sensitive and therefore cannot be directly used to remediate HMs from salt-affected soils. The aim of the present study was to testify whether colonization of P. x canescens with ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, a strategy known to enhance salt tolerance, provides an opportunity for affordable remediation of Cd2+-polluted saline soils. Ectomycorrhization with Paxillus involutus strains facilitated Cd2+ enrichment in P. x canescens upon CdCl2 exposures (50 mu M, 30 min to 24 h). The fungus-stimulated Cd2+ in roots was significantly restricted by inhibitors of plasmalemma H+-ATPases and Ca2+-permeable channels (CaPCs), but stimulated by an activator of plasmalemma H+-ATPases. NaCl (100 mM) lowered the transient and steady-state Cd2+ influx in roots and fungal mycelia. Noteworthy, P. involutus colonization partly reverted the salt suppression of Cd2+ uptake in poplar roots. EM fungus colonization upregulated transcription of plasmalemma H+-ATPases (PcHA4, 8, 11) and annexins (PcANN1, 2, 4), which might mediate Cd2+ conductance through CaPCs. EM roots retained relatively highly expressed PcHAs and PcANNs, thus facilitating Cd2+ enrichment under co-occurring stress of cadmium and salinity. We conclude that ectomycorrhization of woody hyperaccumulator species such as poplar could improve phytoremediation of Cd2+ in salt-affected areas.
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