Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 21, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111851
Keywords
cell senescence; stress-induced senescence; antioxidants; mesenchymal stem cells; reductive stress; endoplasmic reticulum stress; replication stress; resveratrol; Tempol
Funding
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [19-04-00994]
- Russian Science Foundation [21-7420178]
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [075-15-2021-683]
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The study revealed that high doses of antioxidants can induce genotoxic stress and premature senescence in stem cells by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. Molecular analysis confirmed the untimely degradation of cell cycle proteins in response to antioxidant treatment, suggesting potential triggers for cell damage and premature aging.
In our previous study, we found that high doses of several substances with antioxidant capacities (Tempol, resveratrol, diphenyleneiodonium) can cause genotoxic stress and induce premature senescence in the human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, using whole-transcriptome analysis, we revealed the signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in MSCs stressed with Tempol and resveratrol. In addition, we found the upregulation of genes, coding the UPR downstream target APC/C, and E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulate the stability of cell cycle proteins. We performed the molecular analysis, which further confirmed the untimely degradation of APC/C targets (cyclin A, geminin, and Emi1) in MSCs treated with antioxidants. Human fibroblasts responded to antioxidant applications similarly. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired DNA synthesis regulation can be considered as potential triggers of cell damage and premature senescence stimulated by high-dose antioxidant treatments.
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