Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031417
Keywords
ribosome translocation; molecular dynamics; CAR interaction surface; A-site decoding center; ribosome substates
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The ribosome CAR interaction surface extends the decoding center A site and interacts with the next +1 codon through H-bonds. Molecular dynamic simulations reveal codon sequence specificity of the CAR-mRNA interaction, with a preference for GCN codons. Nucleotide substitution experiments show that the first nucleotide of the +1 codon dominates the CAR-mRNA interaction, and the CAR/+1 codon interaction is influenced by nucleotide 3 of +1 GCN codons.
The ribosome CAR interaction surface behaves as an extension of the decoding center A site and has H-bond interactions with the +1 codon, which is next in line to enter the A site. Through molecular dynamic simulations, we investigated the codon sequence specificity of this CAR-mRNA interaction and discovered a strong preference for GCN codons, suggesting that there may be a sequence-dependent layer of translational regulation dependent on the CAR interaction surface. Dissection of the CAR-mRNA interaction through nucleotide substitution experiments showed that the first nucleotide of the +1 codon dominates over the second nucleotide position, consistent with an energetically favorable zipper-like activity that emanates from the A site through the CAR-mRNA interface. Moreover, the CAR/+1 codon interaction is affected by the identity of nucleotide 3 of +1 GCN codons, which influences the stacking of G and C. Clustering analysis suggests that the A-site decoding center adopts different neighborhood substates that depend on the identity of the +1 codon.
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