Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020903
Keywords
BCMA-CAR; polymerase chain reaction; detection reagent; flow cytometry
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This study compared three different detection reagents for BCMA-CAR-T cell staining and established a qPCR method for detection. Both flow cytometry and qPCR were found to reliably monitor BCMA-CAR-T cells, with flow cytometry preferring reagents with low background staining.
Chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is already widely used to treat patients who are relapsed or refractory to chemotherapy, antibodies, or stem-cell transplantation. Multiple myeloma still constitutes an incurable disease. CAR-T-cell therapy that targets BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen) is currently revolutionizing the treatment of those patients. To monitor and improve treatment outcomes, methods to detect CAR-T cells in human peripheral blood are highly desirable. In this study, three different detection reagents for staining BCMA-CAR-T cells by flow cytometry were compared. Moreover, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect BCMA-CAR-T cells was established. By applying a cell-titration experiment of BCMA-CAR-T cells, both methods were compared head-to-head. In flow-cytometric analysis, the detection reagents used in this study could all detect BCMA-CAR-T cells at a similar level. The results of false-positive background staining differed as follows (standard deviation): the BCMA-detection reagent used on the control revealed a background staining of 0.04% (+/- 0.02%), for the PE-labeled human BCMA peptide it was 0.25% (+/- 0.06%) and for the polyclonal anti-human IgG antibody it was 7.2% (+/- 9.2%). The ability to detect BCMA-CAR-T cells down to a concentration of 0.4% was similar for qPCR and flow cytometry. The qPCR could detect even lower concentrations (0.02-0.01%). In summary, BCMA-CAR-T-cell monitoring can be reliably performed by both flow cytometry and qPCR. In flow cytometry, reagents with low background staining should be preferred.
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