Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910422
Keywords
early pregnancy; obesity; fatty acids; glucose; C-peptide; insulin sensitivity; fetal sex
Funding
- Medical University Graz through the PhD Program Inflammatory Disorders in Pregnancy (DPiDP)
- Austrian Science Fund 341 FWF [W1241]
- Medical University Graz through the PhD Program Molecular Inflammation 342 (MOLIN)
- Osterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna [17950]
- University San Pablo CEU
- Austrian Science Fund 339 FWF [DOC 31-B26]
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The study found that maternal obesity in pregnancy may have adverse effects on the fetus, especially related to fatty acid concentrations. Pregnant women with high fasting C-peptide and low ISHOMA had decreased n-3 PUFA in fatty acids, and this change was more significant in mothers bearing a female fetus.
Maternal obesity in pregnancy is a pro-inflammatory condition exposing the fetus to an adverse environment. Here, we tested associations of maternal obesity (primary exposures: BMI, leptin) and metabolic parameters (secondary exposures: glucose, C-peptide, and insulin sensitivity) with total serum concentrations of fatty acids in the first trimester of human pregnancy. This cross-sectional study included 123 non-smoking women with singleton pregnancy. In maternal serum, cotinine, leptin, and C-peptide (ELISA), glucose (hexokinase-based test) and fatty acids (gas chromatography) were quantified, and the insulin sensitivity index (ISHOMA) was calculated. Concentrations of fatty acid classes and total fatty acids did not differ between BMI or leptin categories. However, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were decreased in the category with the highest C-peptide concentration (n-3 PUFA: CI -35.82--6.28, p < 0.006) and in the lowest ISHOMA category (n-3 PUFA: CI -36.48--5.61, p < 0.008). In a subcohort, in which fetal sex was determined (RT-qPCR of placental tissue), C-peptide was significantly associated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mothers bearing a female (n = 46), but not male (n = 37) fetus. In conclusion, pregnant women with high fasting C-peptide and low ISHOMA had decreased n-3 PUFA, and DHA was lower with higher C-peptide only in mothers bearing a female fetus.
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