High hydrogen release by cryo-adsorption and compression on porous materials

Although hydrogen is a promising energy carrier to replace fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions, its low volumetric energy density remains a major drawback. Indeed, hydrogen storage is one of the main technical obstacles limiting the large-scale use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To solve this problem, there are different technical approaches such as: (i) compression in gas cylinders, (ii) liquefaction in cryogenic tanks, (iii) cryocompression; and (iii) absorption or adsorption into solids. Cryogenic adsorption pressure systems are a promising approach to hydrogen storage because they require less resistant materials than those needed for compression at 70 MPa at room temperature, and can avoid the gas loss associated with boiling in liquid hydrogen storage systems. In this manuscript, we have reviewed different solutions for hydrogen storage, with a particular focus on hydrogen adsorption at cryogenic temperatures and moderate pressures on high surface area porous materials, namely: activated carbons, hyper-crosslinked polymers and metal organic frameworks. In addition, we discuss the elements involved in the design of rapidly rechargeable, compact, lightweight and cost-effective hydrogen storage systems. We also provide not only hydrogen storage capacities but hydrogen release capacities considering hydrogen at 10 MPa a discharge at 0.5 MPa. (C) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Hydrogen, as a promising energy carrier, has the potential to replace fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions; however, its low volumetric energy density remains a major drawback. This manuscript reviews different solutions for hydrogen storage, with a particular focus on hydrogen adsorption at cryogenic temperatures and moderate pressures on high surface area porous materials.