Traveling waves inside Benard-Marangoni cells induced by evaporation of a volatile liquid layer

A B S T R A C T To understand the behavior of Benard-Marangoni (BM) cells induced by evaporation, a series of experiments on Marangoni convection instability was conducted in a thin volatile layer in a rectangular pool with initial temperatures ranging from 18.0 to 30.0 degrees C and thicknesses from 0.6 to 2.0 mm. We found traveling waves inside the BM cells in a layer with an initial thickness of 1.48-2.0 mm. The wave number of the traveling waves increased with increasing evaporation rate of the liquid layer and they gradually occupied the entire circumference of the cell. When traveling waves existed, the BM cells were not steady but oscillatory, and their shape became circular. The critical Marangoni numbers for the incipience of the traveling waves were determined. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Experiments were conducted to study the behavior of Benard-Marangoni (BM) cells induced by evaporation, revealing the presence of traveling waves in a liquid layer with initial thickness of 1.48-2.0 mm. The wave number of the traveling waves increased with the evaporation rate, gradually occupying the entire circumference of the cell.