4.7 Article

Design of affordable sustainable energy supply systems for residential buildings: A case study

Journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 7556-7577

Publisher

WILEY-HINDAWI
DOI: 10.1002/er.7660

Keywords

affordable polygeneration systems for buildings; greenhouse gas emissions reduction; multiobjective optimization; renewable energy; self-consumption framework

Funding

  1. EU Social Fund
  2. Government of Aragon [T55-17R]
  3. Spanish Government (Energy Program)

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Polygeneration systems can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions in residential buildings while meeting legal requirements and being economically viable. The integration of technologies such as photovoltaic, reversible heat pumps, biomass, and thermal energy storage can achieve significant emissions reductions.
The residential sector plays an important role to mitigate climate change due to its high energy consumption. Polygeneration systems are a suitable alternative enabling efficient use of natural resources with low environmental impact. However, their deployment depends, among other factors, on the economic cost and the legal restrictions. This work analyses the potential reduction of greenhouse gases emissions, expressed in CO2-equivalent emissions (CO(2)eq), in residential buildings installing polygeneration systems and considering the current Spanish self-consumption regulation. This is achieved through a multiobjective optimization, applying a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, considering economic, environmental and legal aspects. Obtained results provide interesting replicable lessons, and show the interest of collective installations, in which remarkable CO2eq emissions reductions, above 65% with respect to conventional systems, can be achieved at an affordable cost. Technologies such as photovoltaic, reversible heat pumps, biomass and thermal energy storage are competitive when properly integrated. Furthermore, the sale of renewable electricity to the grid under a net-billing scheme, with suitable electricity sale prices, is an appropriate approach, aligned with the European climate and energy policy. Nevertheless, the current Spanish self-consumption regulation is mostly appropriate for small-medium size residential buildings.

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